Add Erlang Polyline post

_posts/2015-03-12-encoding-and-decoding-polylines-with-erlang.md

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+---
+layout: post
+title: Encoding and Decoding Polylines with Erlang
+description: "Description and implementation of functions that encode and decode polylines."
+date: 2015-03-12 22:03:00 CET
+category: posts
+tags: [erlang, programming, english]
+comments: true
+---
+
+If you have ever worked with the [Google Directions API](https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/directions/?csw=1) you probably came across [encoded polylines](https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/utilities/polylinealgorithm). I wanted to decode and encode these using Erlang but was unable to find an existing implementation. So I decided to write my own.
+
+* A single point (latitude/longitude pair) is represented using a tuple
+* A path, i.e. a decoded polyline, is represented as a list of point tuples
+* An encoded polyline is represented as a simple binary string
+
+{% highlight erlang %}
+Point = {Lng, Lat},
+Path = [{Lng, Lat}, {Lng2, Lat2}].
+{% endhighlight %}
+
+The `encode/1` function takes a path and returns an encoded polyline.
+
+{% highlight erlang linenos %}
+encode(Path) -> encode_acc(Path, 0, 0, <<>>).
+
+% Private
+
+encode_acc([], _PLat, _PLng, Acc) -> Acc;
+encode_acc([{Lng, Lat}|Rest], PLat, PLng, Acc) ->
+  LatE5 = round(Lat * 1.0e5),
+  LngE5 = round(Lng * 1.0e5),
+  EncodedLat = encode_part(encode_sign(LatE5 - PLat), <<>>),
+  EncodedLng = encode_part(encode_sign(LngE5 - PLng), <<>>),
+  encode_acc(Rest, LatE5, LngE5, <<Acc/binary, EncodedLat/binary, EncodedLng/binary>>).
+
+encode_sign(Num) when Num < 0 -> bnot (Num bsl 1);
+encode_sign(Num) -> Num bsl 1.
+
+encode_part(Num, Result) when Num < 32 -> <<Result/binary, (Num + 63)>>;
+encode_part(Num, Result) ->
+  Value = (32 bor (Num band 31)) + 63,
+  encode_part(Num bsr 5, <<Result/binary, Value>>).
+{% endhighlight %}
+
+The `decode/1` function takes an encoded polyline and returns a path.
+
+{% highlight erlang linenos %}
+decode(Line) -> decode_acc(Line, 0, 0, []).
+
+% Private
+
+decode_acc(<<>>, _Lat, _Lng, Acc) -> lists:reverse(Acc);
+decode_acc(Line, Lat, Lng, Acc) ->
+  {DLat, Rest} = decode_part(Line, 32, 0, 0),
+  Lat2 = Lat + DLat,
+  {DLng, Rest2} = decode_part(Rest, 32, 0, 0),
+  Lng2 = Lng + DLng,
+  decode_acc(Rest2, Lat2, Lng2, [{Lng2 / 1.0e5, Lat2 / 1.0e5} | Acc]).
+
+decode_part(Line, B, _Shift, Result) when B < 32 ->
+  Result2 = if
+    Result band 1 == 0 -> Result bsr 1;
+    true -> bnot (Result bsr 1)
+  end,
+  {Result2, Line};
+decode_part(<<C:8, Rest/binary>>, _OldB, Shift, Result) ->
+  B = C - 63,
+  Result2 = Result bor ((B band 31) bsl Shift),
+  decode_part(Rest, B, Shift + 5, Result2).
+{% endhighlight %}
+
+I have written these functions for [noesis](https://github.com/nifoc/noesis), which is a library that contains useful utility functions. Right now the implementation is only available in the [development branch](https://github.com/nifoc/noesis/blob/development/src/noesis_polyline.erl). It is tested using [EUnit](https://github.com/nifoc/noesis/blob/f3e9ae21d53e09bea9ca48fe4a56ddd006952e0a/test/noesis_polyline_test.erl) and [QuickCheck](https://github.com/nifoc/noesis/blob/f3e9ae21d53e09bea9ca48fe4a56ddd006952e0a/test/noesis_polyline_triq.erl).
+
+If you're reading this a couple of months from now, you might find an updated implementation on GitHub.