At work, I had to come up with an easy way to anonymize the last octet of a logged IP address in order to comply with German data protection laws. If you're using [HAProxy](http://www.haproxy.org) (1.5+), you can do this in one line.
If you want to forward the source IP address to a backend server, you would usually use `option forwardfor`. Sadly you can't set or change the forwarded IP using that option, so instead you have to set the `X-Forwarded-For` header manually.